为什么有一位精益老师很有必要?(下)
By Art Byrne
作者:阿特伯恩
February 23, 2022
2022年2月23日
Then we came across the Shingijutsu consultants. They were from Nagoya, Japan, and had all had spent their careers at Toyota — the last ten years or so working directly with Taiichi
Ohno, the father of the Toyota Production System.
然后我们遇到了来自日本名古屋的新技术咨询顾问,他们都是在丰田度过了自己的职业生涯——在过去的十年里都直接与TPS之父大野耐一先生一起工作。
They spoke only Japanese and never gave us a PowerPoint or even a written report. Instead, they taught us how to organize and run a kaizen event and always guided people hands-on on the shop floor.
他们只说日语,从来没有给过我们一页ppt,亦或甚至是一个书面报告。相反,他们教我们如何组织和开展一个改善周活动,并总是在车间里亲自手把手地教授员工动手。
Most importantly, they taught us how to see — and learn how to eliminate — waste. They were very rough and called themselves “Insultants.”
最重要的是,他们教会了我们如何观察浪费和学习如何消除浪费。他们非常粗暴,自称为“绝缘体”。
But, boy, did we learn fast. We did whatever they told us to do even when we thought it was the stupidest thing we ever heard (which was about 50% of the time).
但是,我们学得非常快。我们做了老师们告诉我们要做的任何事情,即使我们认为这是我们听过的最愚蠢的事情(大约有50%的时间都是这样子的)。
And if their suggestion did not work the first time, which occurred most of the time, we would never let it go back to the way it was. We just stuck with the change and fixed it.
如果他们的建议第一次不奏效(而大多数时候都是这样),我们也不会让它退回到原来的样子,我们只要坚持这种改变并固化它即可。
We learned — as you will too — that the consultants can’t always be with you. We had them for one week per month.
我们知道(你也会知道),顾问不可能一直和你在一起。顾问每个月辅导我们一个星期。
We needed to do kaizen every day, so we created a Kaizen Promotion Office staffed with some of our brightest talent.
而我们需要每天都做改善,所以我们成立了一个改善推进办公室(KPO),配备了一些我们最能干的人才。
To prepare, we had them stick to the Shingijutsu consultants while they were in town to learn from them.
为改善做准备,当老师们在辅导这一周时,我们让KPO的人员坚持跟着老师们学习。
They spent the other three weeks of the month running and following up on kaizen work — an essential step that must be part of your plan.
让他们在另外的三周时间来跟进改善工作——这是工作计划的重要步骤。
We had to train the KPO in-house, as there was no other lean expertise out there back in 1987.
在1987年没有其他精益专业知识,所以我们必须内部培训KPO。
Today you have the luxury of being able to hire outside lean expertise to start your own KPO as well as train your in-house talent.
今天,你可以聘请外部精益专家来成立自己的KPO,并培训内部人才。
The KPO’s full-time job is kaizen and learning to become lean experts, which is a wonderful training ground for your future lean leaders: two years in the KPO then on to higher management roles.
KPO的全职工作是改善并学习成为精益专家,这是未来精益领导者的很好的训练场地:在KPO工作两年,然后晋升到更高的管理职位。
Your lean sensei will provide expertise and push your people to remove waste.
精益老师将提供专业知识并推动员工消除浪费。
For example, Shingijutsu pushed us hard and showed us how to create one-piece-flow cells and standard work.
例如,新技术老师极力地推动我们,并教授我们如何创建单件流单元生产线和标准工作。
They could merely look at something, say, “this is all no good,” and then quickly show us a much better way. Without their challenges, not much would have happened.
他们只是看了一下就说,“这些都不好”,然后迅速向教授我们一个更好的方法。如果没有老师们的挑战,我们就不会做出任何改变。
Take the simple example of setup reduction: If you need two to three hours to set up your equipment, you are forced to produce in batches, eliminating your ability to achieve flow.
以减少换模时间作为一个简单案例:如果需要2到3个小时来换模,你将只好进行批量生产,从而消除了实现连续流的能力。
Unfortunately, most traditional managers take setup times for granted, saying, “Nothing we can do about that.”
不幸的是,大多数传统的管理者认为换模时间长是理所当然的,他们说:“我们对此无能为力。”
A lean sensei will stop you cold if you think that way. Prodded by these guides, I got involved in setup-reduction kaizen events that reduced:
如果你这样想,精益老师会严厉地让你停止这种想法。在这些老师的指导下,我参与了减少换模时间的改善周:
a rolling mill from 14 hours to 6 minutes
一台轧机,换模时间从14小时减少到6分钟
a 750-ton injection molding machine from 5 hours to 5 minutes
一台750吨的注塑机,换模时间从5小时减少到5分钟
a 150-ton punch press from 3 hours and 10 minutes to 1 minute
一台150吨的冲压机,换模时间从3小时10分钟减少到1分钟
a cold header stamping press from 2 hours to 1 minute
一台冷镦冲压机,换模时间2小时减少至1分钟
a complicated file folder assembly machine from 3 hours 45 minutes to 5 minutes
一个复杂的文件夹组装机器,换模时间从3小时45分钟到5分钟
We achieved these improvements with only minimal capital spending. Machines we used to change three times per week at Wiremold, we started changing 20 to 30 times per
day. Without the outside sensei, none of this would have happened.
我们只用了最少的资金花费就实现了这些改善。过去我们在线模公司时,机器每周换模三次,现在改为每天换模20到30次。如果没有外面的顾问老师,这一切都不会发生。
When I was an operating partner in a private equity firm, I would serve as chairman of many of the companies we bought.
当我还是一家私募股权公司的运营合伙人时,我就会担任我们收购的许多公司的董事长。
One of the first things I did in each case was line up the company with a great outside lean consultant, either Shingijutsu or someone trained by them.
在每个收购的案例中,我做的第一件事就是让公司安排一位优秀的外部精益顾问,这些精益顾问要么是日本新技术公司的,要么是他们培训过的顾问。
Next, I would have the company create a Kaizen Promotion Office and staff it with some of their highest potential employees, so they could learn from the outside consultants.
接下来,我会让公司成立一个改善推进办公室KPO,并配备一些最具潜力的员工,这样他们就可以向外部顾问学习。
This approach allowed us to do new kaizen events every week while following up on prior ones.
这种方法使得我们可以每周做新的改善周活动,同时跟进维持之前的改善周。
It built tremendous momentum in every company. Without introducing the lean expertise of the outside consultants, we would have made slow progress, if any at all.
它在每家公司都形成了巨大的冲力。如果不引入外部顾问的精益专业知识,我们即使有进展也是非常缓慢的。
But don’t forget management’s role in adopting lean thinking and practices. Yes, you need the outside help to bring the lean expertise and “lean eyes” to bear on
the waste within your company. But management must eventually become lean experts themselves.
但不要忘记管理层在采用精益思维和实践方面的作用。是的,你需要外部的帮助,带来精益的专业知识和“精益的眼睛”来处理公司内部的浪费。但管理层最终必须成为精益专家。
When we first started working with Shingijutsu, George and I spent as much time with them as possible, asking questions and getting their insights.
当我们第一次开始与新技术公司合作时,乔治和我花了尽可能多的时间参与其中,问问题并获得老师的见解。
Not only were we with them on the shop floor, but we ate dinner with them every night and played golf with them on weekends so we could pump them for more information.
我们不仅和老师们一起在车间,而且每晚都和老师一起吃晚餐,周末和他们一起打高尔夫球,这样我们就可以向他们了解更多信息。
My recommendation is that every senior staff member participates in six week-long kaizen teams each year and that the CEO, at least for the first year or two, be on 12 week-long kaizen teams per year.
我的建议是,每一位高级管理者每年要参加为期6周的改善团队,而CEO至少在第一年或两年,每年要参加12个改善周。
Get yourself a sensei and give it a try.
找一位精益咨询老师,试一试!