精益意味着围绕价值流进行重组
By Art Byrne
作者:阿特伯恩
原文链接:https://www.lean.org/the-lean-post/articles/becoming-lean-means-reorganizing-around-value-streams/
Learn with two lean legends at the Lean Transformation Summit. Join Jim Womack and Art Byrne on Friday, March 15, for a hands-on workshop for senior leaders who want to create action plans for tackling their toughest lean transformation challenges.
在精益转型峰会上与两位精益传奇人物一起学习。在3月15日(星期五)这天与吉姆·沃麦克(Jim Womack)和阿特·伯恩(Art Byrne)一起加入为那些希望制定行动计划以应对最严峻的精益转型挑战的高级领导者举办的一场实践研讨会。
Special Workshop with Art Byrne and Jim Womack!
阿特·伯恩和吉姆·沃麦克的特别工作坊!
You can’t just drop lean on a traditional batch organizational structure and hope to be successful—you will need to make a fundamental change to a value-stream type of structure.
你不能仅仅依靠以传统的批量生产的组织结构就希望获得成功——你更需要对价值流类型的结构进行根本性的改变。
The biggest, and most common, mistake that I see companies make is thinking that they can somehow move to a lean strategy while preserving a traditional organizational structure.
我注意到公司犯的最大也是最常见的错误是,他们认为自己可以在保留传统组织结构的同时,以某种方式转向精益战略。
This can happen only if you are okay with pretending to be lean. If you want to truly be lean and get all the benefits available from this, you can’t maintain your traditional structure.
只有当你假装自己将开始进行精益转型时,这种情况才会发生。如果你想真正做到精益,并从中获得所有好处,你就不能保持传统的结构不变。
Let me give you some examples. Lean strategy calls for making products (or providing services, as the case may be) in a one-piece flow, as this provides the best quality, lowest cost, and fastest response to the customer.
举几个案例,精益战略要求以单件流方式生产产品(或提供服务,视情况而定),因为这样可以为客户提供最好的质量,最低的成本,以及最快的响应。
Your current structure, however, has functional departments based on equipment type if you are a manufacturer, or based on some narrow skill set if you are a service company.
然而,如果你是一家制造商,目前的公司结构是基于设备类型来划分职能部门的方式,你是一家服务公司,你的职能部门是基于一些有限的不同的技能来划分的。
The only way to change to one-piece flow is to bust up the functional silos. In addition, the move to lean requires a pull system where you can connect the customer demand directly to the shop floor, thus drastically
cutting lead times.
企业将其转变为单件流的唯一方法就是打破职能部门结构。此外,向精益的转变需要一个拉动系统,您可以将客户需求直接连接到车间,从而大幅缩短交货期。
The traditional approach, on the other hand, uses a material resource planning (MRP 1) system and a forecasting system to push production through to the shelf in the hope that
someone will buy it.
另一方面,传统的方法使用物料资源计划(MRP 1)系统和预测系统将产品推向货架,希望有人会购买。
This is true for distributors and retailers as well as for manufacturing companies.
对于分销商和零售商以及制造公司来说都是如此。
Service companies don’t necessarily use MRP, but they often have some sort of batch process (like entering everything into the computer) that takes place before they release their
incoming demand to the first functional silo.
服务公司不一定使用MRP,但他们通常将得到的需求发给第一个职能部门之前会进行某种批处理(比如将所有内容输入计算机)。
Push systems and pull systems are exactly opposite. In addition, in the traditional organization, the way we sell things, develop new products, and even do the accounting are all
almost exactly opposite from the way we want to do the same things with lean.
推动系统和拉动系统完全相反。此外,在传统组织中,销售产品、开发新产品、甚至做会计记账的做事方式,几乎都与我们想要以精益的方法做同样事情的方式完全相反。
Leading Lean Change
引领精益变革
This notion that “everything has to change” is a big hurdle for most CEOs to get over. It’s one of the reasons that so few organizations have made the lean transformation.
“一切都必须改变”的观念是大多数CEO需要克服的一大障碍,这也是为何只有很少的组织进行精益转型的原因之一。
At the heart of a lean turnaround, you are really trying to transform your people. Lean requires that people change their thinking, including their most basic instincts about how to
organize work.
精益转型的核心是,你真的在努力转变员工。精益要求员工改变自己的思维,包括关于如何组织工作的最基本的本能方面的改变。
The more seniority and status a person has, the harder he will be to change. You can’t just one day say, “OK, everyone: now you have to change the way you think about how
work is done” and have it happen.
一个人的资历和地位越高,就越难改变。你不可能在某一天说,“好了,各位:现在你们必须改变工作方式的思维”,然后它就实现了。
This approach will go nowhere. You have to lead the change.
这种做法是行不通的,你必须领导变革。
Here’s a powerful idea for making this happen: recognize that switching to lean requires both the organization and the people to change. You can use one as a lever for the other.
实现这一点有一个非常有用的方法:认识到向精益转变需要组织和员工都做出改变。你可以用其中一个作为另一个的杠杆。
In other words, to change the people, change their environment. Remind yourself that structure drives behavior. So, get your people out of their silos as quickly as possible.
换言之,要改变员工,先改变他们的环境。提醒自己,结构驱动行为。所以,让员工尽快走出自己的孤岛。
I recommend doing this before the first kaizen (we did it that way at Wiremold, and it worked very well). Even if the restructuring is only on paper at first, make sure that everyone
knows what is coming so that there are no surprises.
我建议在第一次改善之前这样做(我们在线模公司就是这样做的,而且效果很好)。即使重组最初只是纸上谈兵,也要确保每个人都知道接下来会发生什么,这样就不会让大家感到惊讶。