你更喜欢手绘还是计算机化目视化管理流程
(三)
作者:Art Byrne
用目视化管理激励团队
最重要的是,这些基本信息将作业人员作为一个团队链接在一起,共同满足客户需求。
And most importantly, this essential information brings the operators together as a team to meet customer demand.
目视化管理的激励因素是十分重要的,不应该低估它。
The motivational factor of visual management is exceptional; you should not underestimate it.
在中国的一个线模工厂(Wiremold),我们使用分别位于几个过道边上的8--10个单元生产线,生产过电源保护器和GFCI墙插。
At one Wiremold plant in China, we made surge protectors and GFCI wall plugs, employing eight to 10 cells to make these products on different sides
of several aisles.
每个单元生产线都使用了类似上面那样的小时制目视化控制板。
Each cell used an hourly visual control board like the one above.
他们还采用了一个简单的旗帜(标识)系统,绿色旗帜表示生产按计划进行,红色旗帜表示作业出了问题。
They also used a simple flag system with a green flag marking when things were on track and a red flag indicating when things were off.
每小时升起相应的旗帜向主管传达当前状态,主管可以仅通过观察过道下方的旗帜来了解所有状况。
Raising the appropriate flag every hour signaled the current state to the supervisor, who could see all flags merely by looking down the aisle.
这些简单的目视化控制可以实时指示出问题作业单元,促使我们尽快解决问题。
These simple visual controls indicated problem cells in real time, prompting us to fix them as soon as possible.
不需要花费金钱将目视化管理系统计算机化或制作精美的显示屏,简单而廉价的方法其效果很好。
We didn’t need to spend money to computerize this or create fancy displays. Simple and cheap worked just fine.
下面分享团队中目视化控制起激励作用的其他一些案例。
Let me share a few other examples of the motivational power of visual controls on a team.
多年前,我在迈阿密一家珠宝制造商的董事会任职。他们想通过我的帮助导入精益生产,于是我帮助他们创建了单件流单元生产线,将制造一枚戒指的时间从8周缩短到2天。
Years ago, I was on the board of a jewelry manufacturer in Miami. They asked for my help adopting lean production, and I helped them create a one-piece-flow cell that reduced the time to produce a ring from eight weeks to two days.
创建单件流生产单元的过程有些曲折,我们努力实现初始目标,即每天生产260枚戒指。
Launching the cell was a bit bumpy, and we struggled to make the initial goal of 260 rings per day.
我们逐个解决问题,并安装了一个大型的目视化控制板,以跟踪每小时的生产进展情况,单元生产线的13名操作人员都能看到该控制板。
We addressed our problems one by one and installed a large visual control board to track hourly progress, which all 13 operators in the cell could see.
一天傍晚,我在办公室时,听到单元生产线传来一片欢呼声。
Late one day, I was in the office when a big cheer went up from the cell.
他们已经突破并成功生产了300枚戒指,接着他们达到了350枚、400枚,最终稳定在每天450枚的产量,并且每当他们突破新的里程碑时,都会有一片欢呼声响起。
They had broken through and produced 300 rings. They went on to hit 350, then 400, and eventually settled out at a steady 450 rings per day, with a big
cheer going up every time they passed a new milestone.
这不是因为额外的奖金,而是因为目视化控制板的激励和团队之间的自然竞争。
There was no separate bonus for this — just the motivation of the visual control board and the natural competitiveness of the team.
这家公司在墨西哥还有一家姊妹工厂,专门负责戒指的最后加工。我第一次去那里的时候,整个工厂每天生产450枚戒指,操作员停工时间很多。
The same company had a sister plant in Mexico dedicated to the final finishing of the rings. When I first went there, the whole plant produced 450 rings
per day, and there was a lot of operator downtime.
我们把生产分成6个生产单元,每个单元13人,并安装了大型的小时目视控制板,还增加了团队奖励,用墨西哥食品券奖励他们每天按时生产。
We organized production into six cells of 13 people each and put up big hour-by-hour visual control boards. We also added a team incentive, paid in Mexican food stamps, for making takt time each day.
一点点竞争不会有坏处,每1小时结束时,每个人都会检查一下自己团队的产量是否达标,然后再看看其他五组的产量情况。
At the end of each hour, everyone would check to see where they stood and then look to see where the other five teams stood. A little competition never hurts.
最终的结果是,没过多久,6个车间每天各自生产450枚戒指,而在精益生产实践之前,整个工厂每天生产450枚。
The net result was that, before long, each of the six cells made 450 rings per day versus the 450 for the whole plant before lean production practices.